SYMPTOMS                POSSIBLE CAUSES          CONTROLS & COMMENTS

Cracking of cabbage     -Excess water taken      -Harvest heads as soon as
heads                    up by plant causes       mature
                         head to burst           -Overwatering
                        -Variety                 -Plant recommended varieties

Poor heading            -Overcrowding            -Thin plants early
                        -Dry soil                -Supply water
                        -High temperatures
                        -Poor fertility          -Soil test
                        -Root knot (nematode     -Check roots for knots; 
                         problem)                 rotate; soil fumigation
                        -Root rot (fungal        -Rotate; remove old plant
                         disease)                 debris; plant in well-
                                                  drained soil

Discolored cauli-       -Exposure to sun         -Tie leaves over head when
flower heads                                      heads begin to form

Brown spots on          -Alternaria Leaf Spot    -Apply registered fungicide
leaves                   (fungus)               

V-shaped lesions on     -Blackrot(bacteria       -Apply registered bacteri-
leaf margin                                       cide; resistant varieties

Plants wilt and turn    -Blackleg (fungal        -Use western grown hot-
yellow; roots are        disease)                 water-treated seed; rotate
discolored and poorly   -Wirestem (fungal         remove old plant debris
developed; roots may     disease)                -Work in a registered soil                   
be hard and brittle     -Cabbage maggot           insecticide at planting 
                                                  time

Gray, powdery growth    -Downy mildew            -Use registered fungicide
on lower leaf margin

Plants stunted and      -Dry soil                -Supply water
yellowed (esp.          -Poor fertility          -Soil test
cabbage cabbage         -Fusarium yellows        -Resistant varieties;
roots not discolored     (fungal disease)         rotate
                        -Cabbage maggot          -Work in a soil insecticide
                                                  at planting time

Heads soft and rotted   -Soft rot of cabbage,    -Rotate; plant in well
                         broccoli, mustard        drained soil
                         (bacterial disease)      

Rough, brown, raised    -Oedema, physiological   -Maintain adequate soil
areas on undersurface    problem due to uneven    moisture
of leaves                water supply

Leaves riddled with     -Flea beetles            -Use registered insecticide
shotholes                                       

Leaves chewed           -Imported cabbage-       -Identify insect; use regis-
                         worm, cabbage looper,    tered insecticide
                         diamondback moth, 
                         flea beetle

Some leaves curled      -Aphids                  -Use registered insecticide
and yellowed;           -Harlequin bugs         
shriveled or 

deformed plants

Bolting                 -Physiological           -Plant at right time
                         disorder                -Recommended varieties